1)Tom (she) told, “I want to visit my friends this weekend”

- Tom told her that he wanted to visit his friends that weekend.

2) Jerry (you) told “I'm studying English a lot at the moment”

- Jerry told me he was studing english at that moment.

3) They (you) told “We've lived here for a long time”

- They told me that we had lived there for a long time.

4) He asked me, “Have you finished reading the newspaper?”

- He asked me had i finished reading the newspaper.

5) Peter (they) told “I get up every morning at seven o'clock”

- Peter told them that he up every morning at seven o´clock.

6) Susan (he) told, “I can come tonight”

- Susan told him that she could come tonight.

7) She (she) said “I really wish I had bought that new car”

- She said to her that she really wished she would buy that new car.

8) The Teachers (she) “we like the new principal”

- The teachers said her that they liked the new principal.

9) Mrs Snow (she) told “all my children can swim very well”

- Mrs snow told her that all her children could swin very well.

10) Susan (boys) asked “Was she a Venezuelan woman?”

- Susan asked them had he been a venezuelan woman

11) Paul (they) asked “Did you work for an Italian Company?”

- Paul asked them had i worked for an italian company.

12) Peter (you) told “ This car is yours

- Peter told me that that car was mine.

UNIT III (Gerund)

2) Engineering refers to the practice of organizing the design and construction.

Organización (Complement of a Preposition)

3) Construction market are having an impact on already thin profit margins.

Teniendo (Part of a Progressive)

4) The doctor generally advised drinking low-fat milk.

Tomar ( Direct Object)

5) Only by exploring civil engineering’s influence in shaping the world we know today.

Formar (Complement of a preposition)

6) Smoking is forbidden.

Fumar ( Gerund as Subject)

7) I have a long working day.

Trabajo (Gerund as Subject Complement)

8) I don't like dancing.

Baile (Gerund as an adjective)

9) Marketing is a very inexact science.

Mercadotecnia ( Gerund as a subject)

10) The marketing of the product will continue for a few months yet.

Venta/ Compra (Object of a preposition)

11) Speaking to an audience is always stressful.

Hablar (Gerund as Subject)

12) Swimming after work is very relaxing.

Nadar ( Gerund as Subject Complement)

13) Before leaving, you need to speak to Sarah.

Salir ( Gerund as Direct Object)

14) After discussing it with her, I've changed my mind.

Discutir ( Gerund as subject complement)

15) Instead of feeling sorry for yourself, do some work for charity

Sentir (Gerund of a preposition)

Sentences / Using Modals (Auxiliary Verbs)

1) CAN

- Can I use your cell phone to call my mom, please?.
- I can teach you how to cook.

2) COULD

- I could go to the mall.
- It could get very warm in Australia.

3) MAY

- May I go to the restroom?.
- May I help you study history?.

4) MIGHT

- Might I help you to do the strawberry cake?.
- It might go to the school.

5) MUST

- You must have to go to the hospital
- I must go visit my dad because he´s sick.

6) MUST NOT/ MAY NOT

- You mustn´t eat that food beacause is unhealthy.
- You may not be late.

7) OUGHT TO

- You ought close the door when you go out.
- You ought have a resident cad to live in United State of America.

8) SHALL

- Shall I drive your car?
- Shall I eat your icecream?

9) SHOULD

- You should be on time to start the new lesson.
- Yoy should aet more vegetables.

10) WILL

- I will stop drinking alcohol.
- I will buy you a car for the mothers day.

11) WOULD

- Would you bring me some water, please?
- Would you close the windows because is raining, please?

Exercises

EXERCISES

I.- Write the correct form of the verb in the chart according to the tenses given.
Present/ Past/ Past Participle/ Meaning

-Bring/ Brought/ Brought/ Traer

-Make/ Made/ Made/ Hacer

-Fix/ Fixed/ Fixed/ Arreglo

-Do/ Did/ Did/ Hacer

-Have/ Had/ Had/ Tener




II.- Write the correct form of the verb with the right tense.
1.- My father ___________ Wil Use_______(use) this equipment for a long time tomorrow.
a) Future

2. - Dr. Albert Einstein____Explained____ (explain) how atomic energy can be released many years ago.
c) Simple past

3.- Engineers sometimes______Rewrite_____ (rewrite) the project before discussing it .
a) Simple present

4.- The students _________Will give________ (give) the result to the teacher next Friday.
a) Past progressive

5.- The company ______Is changing______(change) the equipments in all department now.
c) Present progressive

6.- The mechanic ____Broke____(break)the internal pieces in that washing machine yesterday
a) Simple past

7.- Civil engineer ___Have mixed__ (mix) all the substances to make a special concrete lately.
a) Present perfect


III Change these sentences to questions using the auxiliaries “Do” or “Does”

1.-A generator uses magnets to produce an electric current.

-Does a generator uses magnets to produce an electric current?

2.-They accept data and instructions as input and after processing the information the supply
the results as output.

-Do they accept data and instructions as input and after processing the information the supply the results as output?

3.-The normal heart beats about 37,000,000 times a year.

-How many times a year does a normal heart beat?


4.- Did Transformers transmit electrical power all day when they exploded?

- Do transformers explode when they transmit electrical power all day long ?

IV Answer these questions
1.- Did Romans build many stone bridges in all Europe?

-Yes, he build many stone bridges in all Europe.
-No, he didn´t build stone bridges in all Europe.

2.- Did your father Fix his house last night?

-Yes, he fix his house last night.
-No, he didn´t fix his house last night.

3.- Did men experiment with the electrical current during the latter half of
the nineteenth century?

- Yes, he experiment with electrical current during the latter half of the nineteenth century.
- No, he didn´t experiment with electrical current during the latter half of the nineteenth century.

4.- Did Transformers transmit electrical power all day when they exploded?

-Yes, they transmit electrical power all day when they explode.
-No, they don´t transmit electrical power all day when they explode.

V Complete these present or past progressive sentences.

1.- The new aircraft __________mantained_________ (maintain) the speed right last night.
2.- In this experiment, the sunlight_________pass_________ (pass) through a small hole in the wall at that moment.
3.- Transformers ____transmited______(transmit) electrical power all day when they exploded yesterday
4.- They _______organized_____(organize)the electrical devices while we were cleaning them.

Respuestas de ingles #4 guia

SIMPLE PAST

1)- I eat ice cream.

- Do you eat ice cream?

- Yes, I eat ice cream.

- No, I don´t eat ice cream.



2)- He sing on the church.

- Does he sing on the church?

- Yes, he sing on the church.

- No, he doesn´t sing on the church.


3) - Alejandra run in the school.

- Does she run in the school?

- Yes, she does.

- No, she doesn´t.


4) - They play with a ball

- Do they play with a ball?

- Yes, they play with a ball.

- No, they don´t play with a ball.


5) - Sandra plays monopoly.

- Does she play monopoly?

- Yes, she does.

- No, she doesn´t.



PRESENT PROGRESIVE



1) I´m swinming in the pool.


2) She is buying a new sunglasses.


3) Robert is eating a piece of pizza.


4) Sarah is reading a spanish book.




PAST PROGRESIVE


1) They were traveling yesterday.


2) I was watching tv.


3) We were friends.


4) She was drinking orange juice.


5) He was at the Naperville mall.

Guide Answers. By Nataly Soto.

Unidad 1 guìa parte 2

Exercises


I. Replace the words in italics with the correct personal pronouns.
a) Mr. Carter is my English teacher. He is my english teacher.
b) Ann is my new friend. She is my friend.
c) The children are playing with a ball. They are playing with a ball.
d) Sara is my sister. She is my teacher.


II.Complete the sentences using the corresponding object pronoun.
a) That`s my brother Jesus. Can you call him?
b) I don`t understand the lesson. Can you help me?
c) She isn`t at home. Can you ask her to call me?
d) Where is my sweater? I can find it.
e) Mary and I are having lunch at Mario`s. Can you meet us for lunch?


III. Write the sentences as in the example.
I have a pen
It`s my pen
It`s mine
a) He has a car. It´s his car. It´s his.
b) She has two dresses. Those are her dresses. Those are hers.
c) we have many apples. Those are our apples. Those are ours.
d) she has two books. Those are her books. Those are hers.
e) they have a sheep. It´s their sheep. It´s theirs.


IV: Complete the sentences using “a” or “an”
a) __A__blue sweater
b) Can you tell me ___a___ way to the post office, please?
c) __A__green skirt
d) It's such ___a___ nice day that I think I'll go and read my book in the park.
e) __An___ orange tie.
f) __A__red blouse
g) Have __a__nice day.
h) I spoke to ___a___ boss this morning about having next Friday off.
i) ____a____yellow car.
j) She had ___a___ boiled egg for breakfast.
k) ___an____old shirt.


Months and Days of the Week

MONTHS
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

DAYS OF THE WEEK
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday


These are the ordinal numbers:
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
5th 6th 7th 22nd 23rd

Answer the following questions:
1) What day is today? Today is April 6th, 2010.
2) What`s the first day of the week? The first day of the week is Sunday.
3) What´s the third month of the year? The third month of the year is March.
4) What`s your favorite month? My favorite month is May.
5) How many days are there in July? There are thirty one days in July.
6) How many months are there in a year? There are twelve months in a year.

The Weather
Using verbs to describe the weather

The sun is shining
It's drizzling

The wind is blowing
It's raining (The rain is falling.)

It's hailing
It's pouring (The rain is pouring down.)

It's snowing (The snow is falling.)
It's thundering
Using adjectives to describe the weather

Sweltering = It's sweltering. or It's a sweltering day.
Freezing = It's freezing. or It's a freezing day.

Warm = It's warn. or It's a warm day.
Cold = It's cold. or It's a cold day.

Sunny = It's sunny. or It's a sunny day.
Cloudy = It's cloudy. or It's a cloudy day.

Clear = It's clear. or It's a clear day.
Stormy = It's stormy. or It's a stormy day.

Misty = It's misty. or It's a misty day.
Foggy = It's foggy. or It's a foggy day.

Breezy = It's breezy. or It's a breezy day
Windy = It's windy. or It's a windy day.

Showery = It's showery. or It's a showery day.
Rainy = It's rainy. or It's a rainy day.

Frosty = It's frosty. or It's a frosty day.
Snowy = It's snowy. or It's a snowy day.

Icy = It's icy. or It's an icy day.
Drizzly = It's drizzly. or It's a drizzly day.

. Dry = It's dry. or It's a dry day.
Wet = It's wet. or It's a wet day.

http://www.learnenglish.de/basics/time.htm

Seasons of the year
Spring-Primavera.
Summer-Verano.
Autumn/Fall-Otoño.
Winter-Invierno.


Seasons of the year
Spring-Primavera.
Summer-Verano.
Autumn/Fall-Otoño.
Winter-Invierno.

There is / There are

We use There is / There are to say that something exists (or does not exist). The real subject usually comes after There is/ There are.

1) Use "There is" for singular nouns and things you cannot count.
Examples:
There is a river in my town

There is a ghost in this room....

There is an apple on the desk

There is ice on the lake

There is oil on the pavement

2) Use "There are" for plural nouns; that is to say, we use there are with a plural subject.
Examples:
There are two parks in my neighbourhood
There are 600 students in this school
There are four windows in my room

3) To say the opposite, (the negative form of this structure), use isn't (is + not) or aren't (are + not)

Examples:
There isn't a telephone in the kitchen
There isn't a balcony
There isn`t an orange on the table
There isn't ice on the lake
There aren`t chairs in my room
There aren´t two pictures on the wall. Just one

4) To make questions, (to ask whether something exists or it doesn`t) just change the order of there is and there are......
Examples: Ejemplos:
Is there a balcony in the flat?
Is there a Post Office near hear?
Yes, there is
No, there isn`t
Are there two telephone lines? Yes, there are No, there aren`t

5) To express the idea of quantity, we usually have to use "some" and ''any" with there is and there are. This happens when we have to mention an unspecified amount of something, for example, when we are using uncountable nouns.

We generally use some for positive statements, and any for negative and interrogative ones.

Examples: (positive statements)
There is some water in the bottle
There is some milk in the jar
There are some letters for you
There are some cupboards under the sink
(negative statements)
There isn`t any bread in the basket
There isn't any wine in the fridge
There aren`t any apples
There aren`t any tomatoes
There aren`t any oranges....Wow!!!The fridge is empty
(interrogative statements) (oraciones interrogativas)
Is there any sugar in the sugar pot? ¿Hay algo de azúcar en la azucarera?
Is there any cool water in the fridge? ¿ Hay algo de agua fresca en la heladera?
Is there any quiet place around here? ¿Hay algún lugar tranquilo por aquí?
Are there any glasses in the cupboard? ¿Hay algunos vasos en la alacena?
Are there any chairs in your room? ¿Hay sillas en tu habitación?
Are there any bottles to throw away? ¿Hay algunas botellas para tirar?

Complete with there is and there are

_____There is______ a lot of traffic in Valencia.

1) _____Is there_______ anywhere to park around here?

2) ______There is_______ much sugar.

3) ______Is there_____ enough time to finish?

4) ______There are______ a few bananas and a few apples.

5) ______There is______only one way to solve this problem.

6) ______Is there______ anyone here who wants to volunteer?

7) ________There are_____ many tigers left in the world.

8) ______There is_______ a lot of information available on this issue.

INTRODUCCIÒN GENERAL

REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA
MINISTERIO DEL PODER POPULAR PARA LA DEFENSA
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL POLITÉCNICA
DE LA FUERZA ARMADA BOLIVARIANA
U.N.E.F.A.
NÚCLEO MARACAY

Guìa I. Nociones Básicas

Description and identifications of people, animals and things
DESCRIBING PEOPLE
Examples
I am thin. I need to gain weight.
He is fat, that is why he is on a diet.
She is very short, only 1.44 meters.
I am very tall, 1.90 meters.
We are 17 years old. We are young.
They are 70 years old. They are old.
A: What does Ricky Martin look like?
B: he is tall and young. He has short brown hair and brown eyes.
A: What do you look like?
B: I`m short and a little fat. I have long black curly hair.

IDENTIFYING PEOPLE
Examples
Who`s this? This is my mother.
Who`s that? That is my father.
Who are these? These are my brothers.
Who are those? Those are my sisters.
What`s his/her name? His/her name is...
What`s his/her occupation? He/she is a....
A: Who are these girls?
B:.They are my sisters.
A: Whar are their names?
B: Paulina and Melissa.
A: Whatr are their occupations?
B:Paulina is an architect and Melissa is an engineering.

Appearance
Aquí tienes una lista de palabras relacionadas con la apariencia de una persona (físico y actitud) y estado civil:

PHYSICAL
AGE
in his/her teens
about twenty-one
in his/her early 50s (fifties)
in his/her mid 50s (fifties)
in his/her late 50s (fifties)
quite young, very old EDAD
entre los 13 y los 19 años
aprox. veintiún años
entre 50 y 53 años
entre 54 y 56 años
entre 57 y 60 años
bastante joven, muy mayor

HEIGHT
very tall, quite tall
of medium height
ALTURA
muy alto/a, bastante alto/a
de estatura mediana
BUILD
thin, slim
overweight, fat, plump
skinny, stout
CONTEXTURA
delgado, esbelto
obeso, gordo, regordete
huesudo, fornido
FACE
round, oval, square,
long, thin, wrinkled
CARA
redonda, ovalada, cuadrada alargada, delgada, arrugada
HAIR
shoulder–length
black, brown, red
fair, blonde
curly, wavy, straight
bald, fully bald
sideburns
CABELLO
hasta los hombros
negro, castaño, pelirrojo
rubio (hombre), rubio (mujer)
enrulado, ondulado, lacio
calvo, totalmente calvo
patillas
EYES
blue, brown, green
black, big, slanted
OJOS
azules, castaños, verdes
negros, grandes, rasgados
NOSE
hooked, crooked
straight, turned-up
flat, big, small
NARIZ
ganchuda, corva
recta, respingada
chata, grande, pequeña
MOUTH
small, wide
thin lips, thick lips
BOCA
pequeña, ancha
labios delgados/gruesos
BEARD, MUSTACHE
OR EYEBROWS
thick, thin, bushy
BARBA, BIGOTE
O CEJAS
espeso/a, ralo/a, tupido/a
ATTITUDE
bitter, cynical
jealous, calm
proud, encouraging
reserved, sensitive
amargado/a, cínico/a,
celoso/a, sosegado/a,
orgulloso/a, alentador/a
reservado/a, sensible MARITAL STATUS
single, married

divorced, widowed
has a girlfriend/boyfriend
soltero, casado
divorciado, viudo
tiene novia/novio
Size and shape

Aquí tienes una reducida lista de palabras relacionadas con size (tamaño) y shape (forma) para lugares o cosas:
SIZE

large, quite large
small, quite small grande, bastante grande
pequeño, bastante pequeño
SHAPE
oval, round, triangular
square, rectangular
U–shaped
Pear–shaped ovalado, redondo, triangular
cuadrado, rectangular
con forma de U
con forma de pera
SIZE AND SHAPE COMBINED
small rectangular
large square
nearly T–shaped

pequeño y rectangular
grande y cuadrado
casi con forma de T


When describing someone with two or more adjectives, put the adjective that gives an opinión befote the adjectives that give factual information.
She`s a smart, young woman he has beautiful eyes, green eyes.
Adjectives usually go in the following orders:
Opinion+ size+ shape+ age+ color+ noun
Beautiful long curly black hair
An ugly large square face

What do you look like?

I´m a beautiful young lady, I have long curly brown hair and brown eyes. I have fair skin. I´m tall and thin.


What does Mrs. Cooper look like? She is short and plumb.
What is she like? She´s a very friendly person.
Is Albert short? No, he is tall.
Is Valentina quiet? Yes, she is very quiet.
What`s Karina like? She´s a bad tempered person.
Is Ricky tall? No, he is short.

Personal
pronouns
I
YOU
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY

Object
pronouns
ME
YOU
HIM
HER
IT
US
YOU
THEM


Possessive
PRONOUNS
MY
YOUR
HIS
HER
ITS
OUR
YOUR
THEIR

Demostrative
Adjectives
This
That

These
those

Los artículos determinados Ingleses
son las palabras que usamos para definir al nombre (específicamente). En inglés sólo tenemos un artículo determinado, estamos hablando de la palabra "the". El artículo inglés siempre precederá al nombre al que está determinando.

Ejemplo

The dog.
El perro (artículo + nombre)
The white house on the green hill.
La casa blanca sobre la colina verde (artículo + adjetivo + nombre + preposición + artículo + adjetivo + nombre)

A diferencia del español, en inglés no distinguimos entre las formas de masculino y femenino, singular y plural en los artículos y adjetivos. Así que el artículo inglés "the" es el equivalente a los artículos españoles "EL, LA, LOS, LAS". Esta única forma "the" se usa con toda clase de nombres, singular, plural, contables e incontables.

Los artículos indeterminados Ingleses son las palabras que usamos para definir al nombre (generalmente). En inglés tenemos dos artículos indeterminados, estamos hablando de las palabras "a" y "an". En inglés el artículo siempre va a preceder al nombre al que está determinando.

Ejemplo

A dog.
A white house on a green hill.
Una casa blanca sobre una colina verde

A diferencia del español, en inglés no distinguimos entre las formas de masculino y femenino, singular y plural en los artículos y adjetivos . Así que los artículos ingleses "a" y "an " son los equivalentes a los artículos españoles "UN, UNA, UNOS, UNAS". Usamos "A" delante de nombres que empiezan por consonante.
The Time - La Hora
Para preguntar qué hora es se pueden utilizar las formas:
What time is it?
What's the time?
A lo que se responde con: It's + la hora.
It's nine o'clock.
Para decir la hora, se usan algunas palabras clave.
o'clock: Para decir la hora exacta.
It's four o'clock.
Son las cuatro en punto.

past: Para decir la hora hasta pasados los 30 primeros minutos.
It's ten past four.
Son las cuatro y diez.

to: Para decir la hora pasados los 30 primeros minutos.
It's ten to five.
Son las cinco menos diez.

half past: Para decir "y media".
It's half past five.
Son las cinco y media.

quarter past: Para decir "y cuarto".
It's quarter past five.
Son las cinco y cuarto.

quarter to: Para decir "menos cuarto".
It's quarter to five.
Son las cinco menos cuarto.
08:00 08:05
eight o'clock five past eight

08:10 08:15
ten past eight quarter past eight

08:20 08:25
twenty past eight twenty-five past eight

08:30 08:35
half past eight twenty-five to nine

08:40 08:45
twenty to nine quarter to nine

08:50 08:55
ten to nine five to nine
Para hacer referencia a la hora en que sucede algún evento, se usa la preposición at.
The plane arrives at nine o'clock.

Describe the following images

- The baby is plump. He´s wearing a hat, glasses and a dipper. He seems to be happy.
- The table is rectangular and it has four legs. It´s made out of wood.
- The picture has a lady with short and blonde hair. She also has a very elegant dress.